Wednesday 11 May 2016

UTERINE FIBROID

                                             FACTS ABOUT UTERINE FIBROID

 Uterine fibroids are very common non-cancerous (benign) growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. They can range in size from very tiny (a quarter of an inch) to larger than a cantaloupe. Occasionally, they can cause the uterus to grow to the size of a five-month pregnancy. In most cases, there is more than one fibroid in the uterus. While fibroids do not always cause symptoms, their size and location can lead to problems for some women, including pain and heavy bleeding.
Fibroids can dramatically increase in size during pregnancy. This is thought to occur because of the increase in estrogen levels during pregnancy. After pregnancy, the fibroids usually shrink back to their pre-pregnancy size. They typically improve after menopause when the level of estrogen, the female hormone that circulates in the blood, decreases dramatically. However, menopausal women who are taking supplemental estrogen (hormone replacement therapy) may not experience relief of symptoms.
Uterine fibroids are the most common tumors of the female genital tract. You might hear them referred to as "fibroids" or by several other names, including leiomyoma, leiomyomata, myoma and fibromyoma. Fibroid tumors of the uterus are very common, but for most women, they either do not cause symptoms or cause only minor symptoms.

                     Subserosal Fibroids

These develop under the outside covering of the uterus and expand outward through the wall, giving the uterus a knobby appearance. They typically do not affect a woman's menstrual flow, but can cause pelvic pain, back pain and generalized pressure. The subserosal fibroid can develop a stalk or stem-like base, making it difficult to distinguish from an ovarian mass. These are called pedunculated. The correct diagnosis can be made with either an ultrasound or magnetic resonance (MR) exam.

                        Intramural Fibroids

These develop within the lining of the uterus and expand inward, increasing the size of the uterus, and making it feel larger than normal in a gynecologic internal exam. These are the most common fibroids. Intramural fibroids can result in heavier menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain, back pain or the generalized pressure that many women experience.

                         Submucosal Fibroids

These are just under the lining of the uterus. These are the least common fibroids, but they tend to cause the most problems. Even a very small submucosal fibroid can cause heavy bleeding - gushing, very heavy and prolonged periods.

                    Prevalence of Uterine Fibroids

Twenty to 40 percent of women age 35 and older have uterine fibroids of a significant size. African American women are at a higher risk for fibroids: as many as 50 percent have fibroids of a significant size. Uterine fibroids are the most frequent indication for hysterectomy in premenopausal women and, therefore, are a major public health issue. Of the 600,000 hysterectomies performed annually in the United States, one-third are due to fibroids

                        Uterine Fibroid Symptoms

Most fibroids don’t cause symptoms—only 10 to 20 percent of women who have fibroids require treatment. Depending on size, location and number of fibroids, they may cause:
  • Heavy, prolonged menstrual periods and unusual monthly bleeding, sometimes with clots; this can lead to anemia
  • Pelvic pain and pressure
  • Pain in the back and legs
  • Pain during sexual intercourse
  • Bladder pressure leading to a frequent urge to urinate
  • Pressure on the bowel, leading to constipation and bloating
  • Abnormally enlarged abdomen 

                    Uterine Fibroid Treatments

Nonsurgical Uterine Fibroid Embolization – A Major Advance in Women’s Health

uterine fibroid embolization overview Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), also known as uterine artery embolization, is performed by an interventional radiologist, a physician who is trained to perform this and other types of embolization and minimally invasive procedures. It is performed while the patient is conscious, but sedated and feeling no pain. It does not require general anesthesia.
close up of uterine fibroid embolization The interventional radiologist makes a tiny nick in the skin in the groin and inserts a catheter into the femoral artery. Using real-time imaging, the physician guides the catheter through the artery and then releases tiny particles, the size of grains of sand, into the uterine arteries that supply blood to the fibroid tumor. This blocks the blood flow to the fibroid tumor and causes it to shrink and die.

                        UFE Recovery Time

Fibroid embolization usually requires a hospital stay of one night. Pain-killing medications and drugs that control swelling typically are prescribed following the procedure to treat cramping and pain. Many women resume light activities in a few days and the majority of women are able to return to normal activities within seven to 10 days.

                        UFE Efficacy

  • On average, 85-90 percent of women who have had the procedure experience significant or total relief of heavy bleeding, pain and/or bulk-related symptoms.
  • The procedure is effective for multiple fibroids and large fibroids.
  • Recurrence of treated fibroids is very rare. Short and mid-term data show UFE to be very effective with a very low rate of recurrence. Long-term (10-year) data are not yet available, but in one study in which patients were followed for six years, no fibroid that had been embolized regrew.

Additional UFE Facts

  • In 2007, the first gorilla was treated with UFE for her fibroids.
  • An estimated 13,000-14,000 UFE procedures are performed annually in the U.S. (as of 2004)
  • Embolization of the uterine arteries is not new. It has been used successfully by interventional radiologists for more than 20 years to treat heavy bleeding after childbirth.
  • Embolization has been used to treat tumors since 1966. Embolization to treat uterine fibroids has been performed since 1995 and the embolic particles are approved by the FDA specifically to treat uterine fibroid tumors, based on comparative trials showing similar efficacy with less serious complications compared to hysterectomy and myomectomy (the surgical removal of fibroids).
  • Embolization of fibroids was first used as an adjunct to help decrease blood loss during myomectomy. To the surprise of the initial users of this method, many patients had spontaneous resolution of their symptoms after only the embolization and no longer needed the surgery.
  • UFE is covered by most major insurance companies and is widely available across the country.
  • Most women with symptomatic fibroids are candidates for UFE and should obtain a consult with an interventional radiologist to determine whether UFE is a treatment option for them. An ultrasound or MRI diagnostic test will help the interventional radiologist to determine if the woman is a candidate for this treatment.
  • Many women wonder about the safety of leaving particles in the body. The embolic particles most commonly used in UFE have been available with FDA approval for use in people for more than 20 years. During that time, they have been used in thousands of patients without long-term complications.

                                              Effect on Fertility

There have been numerous reports of pregnancies following uterine fibroid embolization, however prospective studies are needed to determine the effects of UFE on the ability of a woman to have children. One study comparing the fertility of women who had UFE with those who had myomectomy showed similar numbers of successful pregnancies. However, this study has not yet been confirmed by other investigators.
Less than two percent of patients have entered menopause as a result of UFE. This is more likely to occur if the woman is in her mid-forties or older and is already nearing menopause.

                                                      Risks

UFE is a very safe method and, like other minimally invasive procedures, has significant advantages over conventional open surgery. However, there are some associated risks, as there are with any medical procedure. A small number of patients have experienced infection, which usually can be controlled by antibiotics. There also is a less than one percent chance of injury to the uterus, potentially leading to a hysterectomy. These complication rates are lower than those of hysterectomy and myomectomy.

                         Magnetic Resonance Guided Focused Ultrasound

Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRGFU) is a non-invasive outpatient, procedure that uses high intensity focused ultrasound waves to ablate (destroy) the fibroid tissue. During the procedure, an interventional radiologist uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to see inside the body to deliver the treatment directly to the fibroid. The procedure is FDA approved for treating uterine fibroids, but is under investigation for the treatment of breast, prostate, brain and bone cancer.
focused ultrasound illustration 1
MRI scans identify the tissue in the body to treat and are used to plan each patient's procedure. MRI's provide a three-dimensional view of the targeted tissue, allowing for precise focusing and delivery of the ultrasound energy. MRI also enables the physician to monitor tissue temperature in real-time to ensure adequate but safe heating of the target. Immediate imaging of the treated area following MRGFU helps the physician determine if the treatment was successful.
focused ultrasound illustration 2
The ultrasound energy used in MRGFU can pass through skin, muscle, fat and other soft tissues. High-intensity ultrasound energy that is directed to the fibroid heats up the tissue and destroys it. This method of tissue destruction is called thermal ablation.
This procedure is new and not widely available. Information on research findings can found in SIR's MRGFU bibliography.

                                  Surgical Treatments for Fibroids

Gynecologists perform hysterectomy and myomectomy surgery. Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus and is considered major abdominal surgery. It requires three to four days of hospitalization and the average recovery period is six weeks.
Depending on the size and placement of the fibroids, myomectomy can be an outpatient surgery or require two to three days in the hospital. However, myomectomy is usually major surgery that involves cutting out the biggest fibroid or collection of fibroids and then stitching the uterus back together. Most women have multiple fibroids and it is not physically possible to remove all of them because it would remove too much of the uterus. While myomectomy is frequently successful in controlling symptoms, the more fibroids the patient has, generally, the less successful the surgery. In addition, fibroids may grow back several years later.
Myomectomy, like UFE, leaves the uterus in place and may, therefore, preserve the woman’s ability to have children.

Thursday 10 March 2016

TREATMENT FOR SICKLE CELL DISORDER

CELLOD-S

INTRODUCTION

Cellod-S is a natural medicine. It inhibits blood cells disorders and promotes vigor. Cellod-S becomes invaluable in the treatment of sickle cell disorders, anemia, and other cell related illnesses.

 
SAFETY AND EFFICACY
Cellod-S is 100% natural product. It has been found to be very safe. Toxicity test On Cellod-S was conducted in 2005 by the renowned Toxicologist, University of Benin, Prof. E.K.I. Omogbai who concluded in his report that “The herbal preparation has been tested for both acute and chronic toxic effects at doses over two orders of magnitude greater than the calculated human dosage currently used and no abnormalities have been detected. The product therefore has shown a high degree of safety”. Again, the study on Cellod-S by eminent scholars of the Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos and published in J. Pharm, Sci & Pharm Vol.8 (3 & 4), July – December 2006, established that Cellod-S, like other similar herbal formulations does not require extensive principal investigations to establish efficacy and safety like new chemical entities (NCES). Quote: “It is our opinion that elaborate pre-clinical investigations required for NCEs are not necessary for those herbal formulations, most plant constituents of which are consumed as vegetables by the locals and have had decades or even centuries of ethno-medicinal applications without reported or observed incidence of toxicity”. It is worthy of note that before any herbal product is registered by National Agency For Food And Drug Administration And Control (NAFDAC), it is certified safe for human consumption but NAFDAC does not uphold claims of efficacy hence registered herbal products are compelled to carry the Disclaimer. “These claims have not been verified by NAFDAC”. Apart from the fact that the formulation, (Cellod-S) has been in use for generations upon generations, we have practical field experience of uninterrupted use of Cellod-S for twenty years with a track record of excellent efficacy.
Cellod-S effectively restores full health to the patients between weeks and some Months depending on the age of the patients and severity of the cases. Success rate for sickle cell is 99% of treated cases, a situation difficult to believe in the midst of the myth that sickle cell disorders have not yet got any effective remedy. The study by the eminent scholars of the college of medicine, UNILAG had this to Say “Cellod-S thus showed remarkable sickling prevention and sickling reversal activities”. They concluded: “The results of these pre-clinical evaluations indicate that Cellod-S has the acclaimed anti-sickling ethno-medicinal use and that haemolysis - a major mechanism-based toxicity of potential anti-sickling agents, and phenomenon most guided against in sickle cell sufferers – is not a problem with Cellod-S”. When combined with Procin-X, the therapy becomes an effective treatment for Prostate enlargement, chronic infections and fibroid.

HEALTH BENEFITS
When used on its own for Sickle Cell, Cellod-S has many benefits which include the following:-
1. ‘’It achieves Sickling reversal and Sickling prevention activities’’ (College of Medicine, UNILAG)
2. Cellod-S sustains a sickle cell patient even when the PCV of the patient is remarkably low and gradually builds up the PCV.
3. It dramatically reduces the occurrence of pains and crises to the barest minimum.
4. If still within growing age, Cellod-S promotes growth of stunted patients.
5. It helps to heal chronic ankle ulcers arising from sickle cell complications.
6. Pregnant patients are able to successfully carry their babies to full term.
B. When combined with Procin-X, the therapy is invaluable in the treatment of prostate enlargement, chronic infections and fibroid.

CLINICAL RESULTS.
Patients have been treated successfully for fourteen years before the product got registered With NAFDAC six years ago. During this period, the use of the products have been extended the use of this product to virtually the whole country- from Sapele to Warri, Asaba, Benin, Ado-Ekiti, Katsina, Abuja, Minna, Kaduna, Kano, Jos, Ilorin, Ibadan, Oyo, Ogbomoso, Lagos, Abeokuta, Onitsha, Enugu, Aba, Owerri, Uyo, Port Harcourt and others. The results of nationwide sales and use confirm the safety and efficacy of the product as no case of SIDE EFFECTS has been reported so far. they have been able to established a worldwide mail order business and an acclaimed marketing agent in the U.S. From these records, for sickle cell, more than 900,000 prescriptions of Cellod-S have been made within the period without any reported side effects to more than 1500 patients. While formal Clinical Trials are being arranged with The College of Medicine, University of Lagos and the National Hospital, Abuja, it is evident that the exercise may be just a formality as many more patients have taken the formulation and for much longer period than the formal clinical trial will cover.

CONCLUSION
Consultant specialists undertaking series of studies, analyses and tests to ensure the safety and efficacy of Cellod-S. The formulations has been in use for twenty years. During the period, the product had been developed from its crude form of fermented alcohol solutions to its present form of capsules in blisters. It has been no easy task to convince people of this amazing breakthrough in the management of sickle cell anaemia particularly the orthodox medical practitioners – doctors and pharmacists who constitute the main gateway to getting the unbelievable good news of Cellod-S to all the stake holders. From NAFDAC to Technical Studies and Practical Field Results. Cellod- S has been proved to be safe. What could be contested therefore is its efficacy. That is why when there is doubt, we give free samples for trials to doctors, pharmacists and others. The message is out loud and clear. There is the urgent need to co-operate with us to get Cellod-S to all that need it. It is a source of joy to us that a newly formed NGO for relief of sickle cell sufferers – The Sickle Cell Relief Association of Nigeria, has adopted Cellod- S as the medication for their program. So much will be achieved for the suffering millions of sickle cell disorders if you also adopt Cellod-S for your program.

ADMINISTRATION OF CELLOD-S
DOSAGE
Sickle Cell disorders, Anaemia and to Restore Vigor.
(a) 0-5 years
3 capsules prepared as herbal tea once daily
(b) 5-16 years
3 capsules once daily
(c) Over 16 years
3 capsules twice daily

NOTE
Treatment should continue until patient is completely well; i.e. free from all symptoms and physically fit. Preventive dose may be necessary in most cases of Sickle Cell disorders. Patients with ankle sores may consult the head office. Cellod-S has been a complete relief to many Sickle cell patients who remain fully well without further medication. Others take preventive dose as
necessary while a small percentage of patients may remain perpetually on the medicine to sustain full health.

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